A high-risk pregnancy is one that requires extra attention and care to ensure the health of both the mother and the baby. It occurs when there are certain factors that increase the chance of complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or after delivery.
One of the most common contributors to a high-risk pregnancy is existing health conditions. Women with conditions such as high blood pressure, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), diabetes, kidney disease, autoimmune disease, and obesity are more likely to experience complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor.
Age is another factor that can make a pregnancy high-risk. Women who are pregnant for the first time after the age of 35 are more likely to experience complications such as gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, and preterm labor. Additionally, older women are at higher risk for certain problems than younger women, such as Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.
Lifestyle factors such as alcohol and tobacco use can also increase the risk of complications during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy can cause low birth weight, premature birth, and other complications. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, which can cause physical and mental disabilities.
Conditions of pregnancy such as multiple gestation, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and eclampsia, previous preterm birth, and birth defects or genetic conditions in the fetus can also contribute to a high-risk pregnancy. Women who are carrying more than one baby, for example, are at higher risk for preterm labor and delivery. Gestational diabetes, which develops during pregnancy, can lead to large babies and other complications. Preeclampsia, which is characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine, can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby.
It is important for women who are pregnant to receive regular prenatal care and to discuss any concerns they may have with their healthcare provider. This can help to identify potential problems early and to ensure that both the mother and the baby receive the care they need.