When Are Ovarian Cysts a Concern?
In many cases, ovarian cysts are asymptomatic and go unnoticed. They may resolve on their own without causing any issues. However, some cysts can cause symptoms, which may vary depending on the size and type of cyst. Common symptoms of ovarian cysts include:
Pelvic Pain
Pelvic pain is one of the most common symptoms associated with ovarian cysts. This pain can vary from mild to severe and may be intermittent or constant. It’s typically felt on one side of the lower abdomen or pelvis. If the cyst becomes large or ruptures, the pain can become more intense. In some cases, the pain can radiate to the lower back or thighs.
Bloating or Swelling
Another symptom that may indicate the presence of an ovarian cyst is bloating or swelling in the abdomen. This can occur when a cyst grows large enough to put pressure on the surrounding organs. The feeling of fullness or heaviness may make a woman feel uncomfortable or distended, similar to the sensation of bloating that can occur with menstruation.
Changes in Menstrual Cycle
Ovarian cysts can also affect your menstrual cycle. Some women may experience irregular periods or heavier bleeding than usual. If a cyst disrupts the hormonal balance, it can result in changes to the timing or flow of your periods. Some women may also experience spotting or bleeding between periods.
While these symptoms can be related to ovarian cysts, they can also be caused by other health conditions. That’s why it’s important to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis if you experience any of these issues.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
In most cases, ovarian cysts do not require immediate treatment. Many cysts will resolve on their own without the need for medical intervention. However, there are instances when medical attention is necessary. If you experience any of the following, it’s important to contact your doctor promptly:
- Severe pelvic pain that is sudden or sharp
- Pain accompanied by fever or vomiting
- Dizziness or fainting
- Rapid breathing
- Swelling in the abdomen
- Pain during intercourse or bowel movements
In rare cases, ovarian cysts can rupture, twist (a condition known as ovarian torsion), or cause internal bleeding. These are medical emergencies that require immediate treatment. If you experience any of these severe symptoms, seek medical care right away.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cysts
If you experience symptoms that suggest the presence of an ovarian cyst, your healthcare provider will perform an evaluation to determine the cause of your symptoms. The diagnosis may involve a physical exam, during which your doctor may perform a pelvic exam to feel for any irregularities in the ovaries. To confirm the presence of a cyst and determine its size, location, and type, imaging tests are typically needed.
- Ultrasound: The most common imaging test used to examine ovarian cysts. An ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the ovaries and can show the size and structure of the cyst.
- Blood Tests: Blood tests may be used to measure hormone levels or detect certain markers that could indicate a more serious condition.
- CT Scan or MRI: In some cases, a CT scan or MRI may be used to further investigate a cyst or to examine other potential causes of symptoms.
Once a cyst is diagnosed, your healthcare provider will determine the best course of action, depending on its size, type, and whether it is causing symptoms.
Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts
In many cases, ovarian cysts do not require treatment and will resolve on their own. If the cyst is small and asymptomatic, your doctor may recommend a watch-and-wait approach, monitoring the cyst over time to ensure it does not grow or cause complications.
However, if the cyst is large, painful, or causing other issues, treatment options may include:
- Medication: Birth control pills may be prescribed to help regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent the formation of new cysts. These can also help reduce the size of existing cysts.
- Surgical Removal: In cases where the cyst is large, persistent, or causing significant pain, surgery may be needed. The procedure can involve the removal of the cyst (a process called cystectomy) or, in rare cases, removal of the entire ovary if the cyst is severe or cancerous.
- Laparoscopy: In many cases, cysts can be removed through minimally invasive surgery using a laparoscope, which requires only small incisions.
Conclusion
Ovarian cysts are a common and often harmless condition that many women experience at some point in their lives. While most cysts don’t require treatment, it’s important to monitor any symptoms and seek medical advice if you experience pelvic pain, bloating, or changes in your menstrual cycle. If left untreated, some cysts may cause complications, so it’s essential to get checked out if you have concerns.
At Dr. Joseph Leveno Obstetrics & Gynecology, we offer comprehensive care for ovarian cysts and other gynecological conditions. If you are experiencing symptoms or have questions about ovarian cysts, schedule an appointment today to discuss your concerns with our team. Your health and well-being are our top priority.