National Endometriosis Awareness Month with Dr. Leveno in Plano, TX

Understanding Endometriosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

March is National Endometriosis Awareness Month, a time dedicated to educating and advocating for those affected by this often-misunderstood condition. Endometriosis is a chronic condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of it. This misplaced tissue behaves like normal uterine lining—it thickens, breaks down, and bleeds with each menstrual cycle. However, since this tissue has no way to exit the body, it becomes trapped, leading to inflammation, pain, and the formation of scar tissue.

Endometriosis affects an estimated 1 in 10 women of reproductive age worldwide, yet it is frequently misdiagnosed or undiagnosed for years. The symptoms can significantly impact daily life, relationships, and fertility. By raising awareness, we can encourage earlier diagnosis and better management for those who suffer from this condition.

Common Symptoms of Endometriosis

The severity and type of symptoms can vary, making endometriosis difficult to diagnose. Some women may experience mild symptoms, while others suffer from debilitating pain. Common signs of endometriosis include:

• Chronic Pelvic Pain: Persistent pain in the pelvic region is one of the most common symptoms. It can occur before, during, or after menstruation and may worsen over time.
• Painful Periods: Many women experience cramping during menstruation, but for those with endometriosis, the pain is often more intense and can last longer than usual.
• Pain During Intercourse: Deep pain during or after sex is a frequent symptom of endometriosis, often due to inflammation and scar tissue formation.
• Heavy Bleeding: Some women with endometriosis experience unusually heavy menstrual periods or bleeding between periods.
• Difficulty Getting Pregnant: Endometriosis is a leading cause of infertility. The condition can cause scarring and adhesions that interfere with the function of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus.

Other symptoms may include fatigue, digestive issues such as bloating, constipation, or diarrhea (especially during menstruation), and lower back pain.

What Causes Endometriosis?

The exact cause of endometriosis remains unknown, but several theories exist:

• Retrograde Menstruation: This occurs when menstrual blood containing endometrial cells flows backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity instead of leaving the body. These cells can implant and grow outside the uterus.
• Immune System Dysfunction: A weakened immune system may fail to detect and eliminate endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Estrogen plays a significant role in the growth of endometrial tissue. Women with higher levels of estrogen may be more prone to developing endometriosis.
• Genetics: Research suggests that endometriosis may run in families. Women with a close relative who has the condition may be at a higher risk.
• Surgical Scarring: Some cases of endometriosis have been linked to surgical procedures such as C-sections or hysterectomies, where endometrial tissue may become displaced.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Diagnosing endometriosis can be challenging because its symptoms overlap with other conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, and irritable bowel syndrome. If you suspect you have endometriosis, it is essential to seek medical attention.

Diagnosis

A doctor may use the following methods to diagnose endometriosis:

• Pelvic Exam: A manual examination to check for abnormalities, such as cysts or scar tissue.
• Ultrasound: Imaging tests, including transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound, can help detect ovarian cysts associated with endometriosis.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This provides a more detailed view of the pelvic organs and can help in treatment planning.
• Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure in which a small camera is inserted into the abdomen to identify and potentially remove endometrial tissue.

Treatment Options

While there is no cure for endometriosis, various treatment options can help manage symptoms:

• Pain Management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help alleviate discomfort.
• Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills, progesterone therapy, or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can help regulate or suppress the menstrual cycle, reducing pain and slowing the progression of endometriosis.
• Laparoscopic Surgery: In cases of severe pain or infertility, laparoscopic surgery may be performed to remove endometrial tissue, cysts, and scar tissue. This procedure can improve symptoms and increase the chances of conception.
• Hysterectomy: In extreme cases where other treatments fail, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be considered. However, this is generally seen as a last resort.
• Lifestyle Changes: Diet, exercise, and stress management can play a role in managing endometriosis symptoms. Reducing inflammatory foods, engaging in regular physical activity, and practicing relaxation techniques may help alleviate some discomfort.

Raising Awareness and Supporting Those with Endometriosis

Despite its prevalence, endometriosis is often overlooked or dismissed as “just bad periods.” Many women suffer in silence for years before receiving a diagnosis. Increasing awareness and encouraging open conversations about menstrual health can help reduce the stigma and improve early detection.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of endometriosis, seeking medical advice is essential. With proper diagnosis and treatment, many women can find relief and regain control over their health and well-being.

As we observe National Endometriosis Awareness Month, let’s continue to educate, support, and advocate for those living with this challenging condition.